Vacuum space charge effect in laser-based solid-state photoemission spectroscopy

摘要

We report a systematic measurement of the space charge effect observed in thefew-ps laser pulse regime in laser-based solid-state photoemission spectroscopyexperiments. The broadening and the shift of a gold Fermi edge as a function ofspot size, laser power, and emission angle are characterized for pulse lengthsof 6 ps and 6 eV photon energy. The results are used as a benchmark for an$N$-body numerical simulation and are compared to different regimes used inphotoemission spectroscopy. These results provide an important reference forthe design of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy setups andnext-generation light sources.